AUGUSTE COMTE : Beginning of Sociology – Positivism – Law of Three stages – Hierarchy of Sciences – Social Statics and Social Dynamics.

HERBERT SPENCER: The Science of Sociology – Theory of Social Evolution – Organic Analogy.

KARL MARX : Dialectical Materialism – Materialistic interpretation of History – Theory of Class and Class struggle – Surplus value Theory – Alienation Theory of Social Change

MAX WEBER: Ideal Type – Causality – Social Actions – Authority, Bureaucracy, Class, Status and Power, Religion and Economy.

EMILE DURKHEIM :  Social Facts – Individual and Society – Theory of Social Solidarity – Division of Labour – Theory of Suicide – Sociology of Religion.

TALCOTT PARSONS: Theory of Social System – Social Action Theory Pattern Variables

ROBERT K.MERTON:Ethics of Science – Role – Set Theory – References – Group Theory of Anomic.

ANTHONY GIDDENS: Theory of Structuration and the Constitution of Society.

INQUIRY AND SCIENCE : Two Realities – Native Human Inquiry – Errors in Personal Human Inquiry – Science as a form of Inquiry – Safeguards Against Error.

1.SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY : The Foundations of Social Theory – The Foundation of Social Research.
2. THE ETHICS AND POLITICS OF SOCIAL RESEARCH : Ethical issues in Social Rearch – Two Ethical Controversies – Discussion, Examples – The Politics of Social Research.

1. THE STRUCTURE OF INQUIRY : Research Design – Purposes of Research – Units of Analysis – Topics for Research – The Time Dimension Motivations for Research – How to Design a Research Project.
2. CONCEPTUALISATION AND MEASUREMENT: Measuring anything that exists – Definitions and Research Purposes – Criteria for Measurement Quality.
3. OPERATIONALISATION : Operationalisation Choices – Some Operationalisation – Illustrations – Guidelines for asking Questions – Operationalisation goes on and On.

THE LOGIC OF SAMPLING: Methods – The logic of Probability Sampling  Sampling Concepts and Terminology- Probability Sampling Theory and Sampling Distribution – Population and Sampling Frames – Types of Sampling Designs – Illustration : Sampling University Students – Multistage Cluster Sampling – Illustration:  Sampling Church Women – Non-probability Sampling.

MODES OF OBSERVATION

1. FIELD RESEARCH : Topics Appropriate to Field Research – The Various Roles of Observer – Preparing for the field – Sampling in Field Research – Asking Questions – Recording Observations – Data Processing – Data Analysis – Illustrations of Field Research.  The Strengths and Weaknesses of field Research.
2. CONTENT ANALYSIS AND THE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING DATA: Topics Appropriate to Content Analysis – Sampling in Content Analysis – Coding in Content Analysis – Illustrations of Content Analysis – Strengths and Weaknesses of Content Analysis – Analysing Existing Statistics – A Comment on Unobstrusive Measures.
3.EXPERIMENTS : Topics appropriate to Experiments – The Classical Experiment selecting Subjects – Variations on Experimental Design – An illustration of Experimentation – Natural Experiments – Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method.
4.EVALUATION RESEARCH  : Topics appropriate to Evaluation Research – Formulating the Problems – The Social Context – Illustrations of Evaluation Research. Social  Indicators Research – Strengths and weaknesses of Evaluation Research.
5.SURVEY RESEARCH : Topics appropriate to Survey Research – Questionable Construction – Self – Administered Questionnaires – Interview Surveys – Comparison of Two Survey Research – Secondary Analysis.

1. ANALYSIS OF DATA: Quantifying Data – A Quick look at Hardware – Selected Data – Processing Terminology – Coding – Codebook Construction Coding and Keypunching options – Data Cleaning.

1.SOCIOAL STATISTICS : Definition, Origin and Growth – Functions and Scope.
2.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : Measures of Central Value – Mean, Median and Mode for Ordinal, Nominal, Interval and Ratio Variables.
3. MEASURES OF DISPERSION : Significance of Measuring Variation – The Mean Deviation – Variance and Standard Deviation – Index for Nominal Variables – Coefficient of Variation.

MEASURES AND ASSOCIATION FOR NOMINAL, ORDINAL AND INTERVAL VARIABLES : Four Characteristics of an Association- Creating a normal measures of association- symmetric and Asymmetric measures of association – Measures of association for Nominal Variables Lambda – Measures of association for Original Variables – Gamma – Measures of association for Interval  Variables – Pearson’s Product Moment.

INDIAN SOCIETY : Features of Indian Society – Composition of Indian Society.

HINDU WORLD VIEW: Hinduism – Meaning and Characteristics. Purusharthas, Ashrama s, Varnashrama and Karma.

CASTE SYSTEM: Meaning and features. Origin of Caste System – Racial Theory, Political Theory, Occupational Theory, Traditional Theory, Guild Theory and Evolutionary Theory.Changes in Caste System – Factors responsible for the changes.

MARRIAGE : Traditional Forms of Marriage – Changing trends in Marriage – Child Marriage – Widow Remarriage – Dissolution of Marriage. Marriage among other religious communities of India.

FAMILY: The Nature and characteristics of Indian Family.Hindu Joint Family : Features of Joint Family – Advantages and Disadvantages of Joint Family system – Factors responsible for the Changes.

STATUS OF WOMEN: Status of women in India during ancient period, Medieval Period and Modern Period – Factors responsible for the Changes.

INDIAN ECONOMIC ORGANISATION : Peasant Society – Industrialisation – Production relation – Transport and Communication – Human Resources -  Development. Educatin Organisation – Primary Secondary and Higher Education in India – Problems in Education.

BACKWARD CLASSES, SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES : Characteristics of Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes – Their Problems – Constitutional and Statutory Provisions for their protection and upliftment – Changing conditions and factors responsible for the Changes.

RURAL SOCIOLOGY : Meaning, nature and scope of  Rural Sociology, importance of the study of Rural Sociology in India.

RURAL SOCIETY: Characteristics of Rural Society – Rural – Urban Continue and Rural – Urban Contrast.

RURAL SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
1.Caste and social structure in rural India- Dominant caste: Its features, its influence in the village community – Sanskritisation- Jajmani system – changing features of village social structure.
2.VILLAGE ADMINISTRATION: Traditional forms of caste and village community- Panchayati Raj system – recent developments and changes.

RURAL ECONOMY- Occupation, class system in the rural society – Land ownership pattern: Zamindari system, Rayotwari system and Mangalbari system.Land distribution, Land reforms, Land Legislation and its impact on Indian Villages and Indian Economy.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT: Community Development Programme- Integrated rural development programme- Jawahar Rozgar Yojana- Adult Education and Functional Literacy Programme. Vocational training – TRYSEM. Health and Sanitation Programme: their objectives and features. District Rural Development Agency.

RURAL PROBLEMS: Poverty and Indebtedness – Child Labour – Unemployment – illiteracy – Migration – Problems of Health and Sanitation their causes and consequences..

RURAL SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS : Characteristics – Functions – Importance – types : Family, Marriage, Policy, Education and Religion and their differences from Urban Social Institutions.

RURAL SOCIAL NETWORKS: Network meaning, origin, characteristics and perspective.  Impact of kinship and clan on rural network pattern – gender differences in rural social network.

 COMMUNICATION – AN INTRODUCTION
        - Definition of communication
        - Characteristics of communication
        - Communication as a social process
        - Characteristics of communication
        - Forms of communication
        - Functions of communication
        - Importance of communication

MASS COMMUNICATION AND MASS MEDIA
      - Definition of communication
      - Characteristics of mass communication
      - Functions of mass communication
      - Characteristics of mass media
      - Functions of mass media
      - Merits and demerits of mass media
      - Mass Audience

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
     - Communication as a social science – Some basic concepts
     - Uses and gratification

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
       - Meaning of communication models
       - Types and functions of communication models
       - Linear, non-linear and composite models

THEORIES OF MASS COMMUNICATION
      - Role of mass communication theories
      - Authoritarian theories
      - Libertarian theory
      - Social responsibility theory
      - Other theories

CONTENT OF MASS MEDIA
      - Meaning of content analysis
      - Types of content analysis
      - Semantic differentials
      - Analysis of media content

SOCIOLOGY OF AUDIENCE BEAVIOUR
      - Meaning of audience
      - Audience Selectivity
      - Opinion leaders
      - Diffusion of message

DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION
      - Nature of development
      - Development goals
      - Key concepts
      - Blocks for development
      - Role of development communication
      - Mass communication in developing countries

INTRODUCTION
     - Growth and development of cities
     - Scope and importance of urban sociology
     - Difference between pre-industrial and industrial cities

INTERNAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES
     - The Concentric Zone theory
     - The Sector Theory
     - The Multiple Nuclei theory
     - The inverse Concentric Zone theory

METROPOLITAN CITIES
     - The exploding giant cities
     - Characteristics of Metropolitan cities

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION
     - Modern Vs. Traditional in the Indian context
     - Economic change
     - Social change
     - Political change
     - Physical change

RURAL – URBAN CONFLICTS
      - Rural – urban continuum
      - Contrasting environments
      - Modernization
      - Urban Bias
      - Strategies for reducing conflicts

TRADE UNIONS
     - Purpose and functions
     - Trade unions in India
     - Obstacles in Trade unionism

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES
     - Nature and consequences
     - Causes
     - Methods of reducing Industrial disputes

LABOUR WELFARE
     - Labour welfare services
     - Labour welfare legislation
     - Labour welfare in India