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MASTER OF ARTS IN HUMAN RESOURCE
M.A. (Human Resource)
Course Structure
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M.A. (Human Resource) Syllabus Back
MASTER OF ARTS IN HUMAN RESOURCE
M.A. (HUMAN RESOURCE)
FIRST YEAR
COURSE CODE: 28
PAPER CODE : H1010
PAPER I - MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
|
UNIT I |
Nature
and process of Management
Management as Science, Art and
Profession professionalisation of
Management in India Current Trends
Management Levels Vis-vis Skills. |
|
UNIT II |
Manager
and Environment Systems Approach
to Management
Responsibilities of Management. |
|
UNIT III |
Planning principles of planning-
Types of plans Steps in planning
Limitations of planning. |
|
UNIT IV |
Decision-making Models and
Techniques Management by
Objectives
(MBO) policy Formulation. |
|
UNIT V |
Organising process Organisation
Structure and Design Span of
Management Delegation and
Decentralisation Line and Staff
Relationships. |
|
UNIT VI |
Essentials of Directing Motivation
Concepts Leadership Styles
Communication process. |
|
UNIT VII |
Controlling process of Control
prerequisites of Controlling Systems
Methods of Controls. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Comparative Management Styles with
Special with Special Reference to
Japanese Management practices
Organisational Creativity and
Innovation Entrepreneurial
Management. |
References :-
1. Harold Koontz & Heinz Weirich:
Management, Mc Graw Hill, Tokyo.
2. Stoner & Wankel: Management, prentice
Hall of India Ltd., New York.
3. Richard M. Hodgets: Management, Academic
press, New York.
4. Hampton: Management, Mc Graw Hill, Tokyo.
5. peter F. Drucker: practice of Management,
pan Books, London.
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H1020
PAPER II - ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
|
UNIT I |
Organisational Behavior: Focus and
purpose Organisation Meaning,
Need and Importance of Organisation
Classification Organisation
Goals, prospects of Formal
Organisation Organisation
Organisational Behavior (OB)
Nature and scope Contributions
OB Models Features of Modern OB
Model |
|
UNIT II |
Individual Behaviour, personality,
Learning and Attitudes personality
Definition Biological,; cultural,
Family, Social and Situational
Factors
Theories of personality Meaning of
Learning Learning process
Learning Theory and OB
Organisational Behaviour
Modification
Meaning, Steps, process and
practice, Attitudes Characteristics
Components Formation Measurement
of Attitude. |
|
UNIT III |
perception: perception Meaning and
Definition Need perception Vs.
Sensation Mechanism Factors
influencing perception percept
Constancy, Context and Defence
Interpersonal perception. |
|
UNIT IV |
Group
Behavior and Group Dynamics: Group
Dynamics Meaning
Types Group in an Organisation
Group Size and Status Influences
Emergence of Informal Leaders Role
Relationships and Group
Behaviour Characteristics
Behaviour problems Group Norms -
Cohesiveness Features Effects
Group Thinking Symptoms,
Consequences and Remedy Group
Decision Making Techniques. |
|
UNIT V |
Power
and Leadership: power Meaning and
Definition Importance
power Vs Authority Characteristics
Source of power Use of power
Dynamics of power Leadership The
Concept Leadership Styles
Continuum of Leader Behaviour
problems with the Continuum
Leadership
Theories. |
|
UNIT VI |
Dynamics of Organisational Behaviour,
Organizational Change and
Development: Organizational Change
Meaning Nature of Work
Change Stability Vs Change
proactive Vs Reactive Change
pressure
of Change Changes in Managerial
personnel Change process
Organisational Resistance to Change
Management of Change
Organisational Development
Definitions Characteristics
Objectives
Team Building Survey Feed Back
Four Systems Management. |
|
UNIT VII |
Organisational Effectiveness:
Effectiveness Concept
Effectiveness Concept - Effectiveness Vs Efficiency
perspectives Approaches
Behavioural
Approach to Organisational
Effectiveness Time Dimension
Achieving
Organisational Effectiveness
Systems Approach. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Organisational Climate:
Organisational Climate Meaning and
Definition
- Factors affecting Organisational
Climate Structure process
- Measurement of Organisational
Climate Job Satisfaction Meaning
and Definition Need Measurement
Consequences Determination of
Job Satisfaction Suggestions for
improving Job Satisfaction. |
References:-
1. Fred Luthans: Organisational Behaviour
New york, Mc Graw Hill.
2. Fred
Luthans, Richard M. Hodgetts and Stuart A.
Rosen Rantz: Real
Managers New York, Harper Collins, 1998.
3. John
W. Newstrom and Jhon L. pierce: Windows into
Organisations, New york: AMACOM, 1990.
4.
Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn: Managing
Organisational Behaviour -
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1994.
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H1030
PAPER III - HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING
|
UNIT I |
Human Resource planning Meaning
and Definition Importance
Natural Resources and Human
Resources Investment in Human
Resources How Investments in personnel are made Quality of work
Force Vs performance. |
|
UNIT II |
Efficient use of Human Resource
Efficient Use of Resources and
Growth
- Modern Market Investment Theory
Market portfolio Enumerating the
Assets Calculating the Market
value of Assets Illiquid and
Non-Marketable
Assets Human Capital. |
|
UNIT III |
Human
Capital Human Capital Investment -
Expenditure Vs.
productivity Education and
Training Human Capital
Discrimination. |
|
UNIT IV |
Human
Resource Accounting Converting
Human Data into Money
value Objectives of Human Resource
Accounting Limitations of
Human Resource Accounting
Approaches to Human Resource
Accounting. |
|
UNIT V |
Investment Approach Investment in
Human Resources Recruiting and
Training Costs Depreciation
Rates of Return Organisational
Behaviour
Vs. Turnover Waste of Human
Resources and prevention. |
|
UNIT VI |
Organisational Climate Approach
Improvement and Deterioration of
Organisational Climate
Determination of Changes in Human
Resource
Variables Increased Costs, Cost
Reduction and Future performance. |
|
UNIT VII |
Responsibility Accounting and
Management Control Responsibility
Accounting Management Control
Structure and process
Classification
of Costs In Responsibility
Accounting Behavioural Aspects of
Management Control Social Control. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Personnel Costs, Auditing and
Accounting personnel Costs
Fringe
Benefits Audit Relationships
Audit Techniques Accounting and
Financial Statements. |
References :-
1. Accounting for Human Resources: Rakesh
Chandra Katiyar, UK publishing House.
2. Human Resource Accounting: M. ASaeed, D.K.
Kulshreshtha, Anmol publications.
3. Human Resource Accounting: D. prabakara
Roa, Inter India publications.
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H1040
PAPER IV - INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS MANAGEMENT
|
UNIT I |
Nature of Industrial Relations
Iter personnel Relations and
Industrial Relations Areas covered
by Industrial Relations Importance
of Industrial Relations parties to
Industrial Relations Employees
Trade Unions Employers Role of
Government. |
|
UNIT II |
Collective Bargaining Meaning,
Nature and Objects of Collective
Bargaining process of Collective
Bargaining Bargaining procedures
Bargaining Tactics other Options
problem Solving Bargaining
Functions of Collective Bargaining
Theories of Collective Bargaining
Scope and Growth of Collective
Bargaining in India. |
|
UNIT III |
Role of
Management and Government
Management by Objectives Worker psychology Rationalisation and
Automation Ergonomics Workers
participation Labour Welfare
Labour Administration. |
|
UNIT IV |
Trade
Unions Unions Role in an
Organisation Role in Industrial
Relation Trade Unionism in India
Developments and Trends in trade.
Union Movement Central
Organisations in India Union Free
Organisation Trade Union
Legislation. |
|
UNIT V |
Industrial Disputes Nature and
Causes of Industrial Disputes
prevention and Settlement of
Disputes Methods for Settlement of
Industrial Disputes State and
Industrial Dispute Industrial
Dispute Legislation in India
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. |
|
UNIT VI |
Grievance Systems Grievance
Grievance procedure Model
Grievance procedure Handling
Grievance Code of Discipline and
Unfair Labour practices
Negotiations, Conciliations,
Mediations Arbitration Benefits
of Grievance Systems. |
|
UNIT VII |
Labour
Legislation Role of Judiciary in
Industrial Relations power of
Judiciary in settling Disputes
Early Legislations Legislation
regarding Working Conditions
Welfare Legislation Wage
Regulation Factory, Mining,
plantation, Agriculture Legislations
Standing Orders. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Industrial Relations Training
Industrial Relations Activities
Strategy and Decisions
Communications Relationships
Competence Discipline Conflict
Counselling Role Shifting Role
of Human Resource Management. |
Reference Books
1. Roger Fish and William Ury: Getting to
yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in
New York: penguin, 1985.
2. Richard E. Walton Managing Conflict:
Interpersonal Dialogue and Third party
Roles, Second Edition Reading MA: Addison
Wesley, 1987.
3. K. Aswathappa Legal Environment of
Business Himalaya publishing House, New
Delhi 1996.
4. Punekar, Deodhar and Sankaran Labour
Welfare, Trade Unionism and Industrial
Relations Himalaya publishing House New
Delhi 1998.
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H1050
PAPER V - PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
|
UNIT I |
Human
Resource Management Nature and
Scope Objectives Nature
of people and Organisations
personnel policies and principles
Environment of Human Resource
Management Social Systems Human
Resource Accounting and Audit. |
|
UNIT II |
Human
Resources planning Human Resource
/ Manpower planning
Meaning process of HR planning
Job Analysis Recruitment and
Selection Orientation and
placement Orientation Programmes. |
|
UNIT III |
Employee and Reward Systems
Training Personnel Job Evaluation
-
Job Satisfaction Appraising and
Rewarding Performance Money as a
Means of Rewarding Economic
Incentive Systems Wage Incentives
Wage Administration Benefits and
Services profit and production
Sharing. |
|
UNIT IV |
Motivation Human Needs Theories
of Motivation Maslows
Hierarchy Needs Herzbergs Two
Factor Model Other Theories
Behavioural Modification
Motivational patterns Expectancy
Model
Application of Motivation Concepts. |
|
UNIT V |
Leadership, Communication and
Counselling Nature of Leadership
Behaviour Leadership Style
Employee Participation Nature,
Scope,
programs and Benefits of
participation Employee
Communication
Communication process
Communication Systems Employee
Counseling and Types. |
|
UNIT VI |
Environment and Employee Maintenance
Organisational and Social
Environment Quality of Work Life
Rights of privacy Discipline
Employee Welfare, Safety and Health
Equal Opportunity
Promotions, Transfers and
Separations. |
|
UNIT VII |
Industrial Relations Nature of
Industrial Relations parties to
Industrial
Relations Trade Unions
Collective Bargaining Grievance
Systems -
Industrial Disputes Dispute
Management Role of Government and
Legislations. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Human
Resource Management in Future
History of personnel
Functions present Status Trends
in Human Resource Management
in India personnel Functions in
Future New Challenges of Human
Resource Management Research in
HRM. |
References :-
1. Michael V.P.: Cases In Human
Resource Management Himalaya publishing
House New Delhi, 1998.
2. M.N.
Rudrabasavaraj: Cases in Human Resource
Management Himalaya publishing House New
Delhi, 1998.
3. H. John Bernardin and Richard W. Beatty:
performance Appraisal: Assessing Human Behaviour at Work Boston: Kent,
1984.
4. George T. Milkovich and John W. Boudreau:
personnel / Human Resource
Management: A Diagnostic Approach, 5th Edn.
TX: Business
publications, 1988.
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MASTER OF ARTS IN HUMAN RESOURCE
M.A. (Human Resource)
SECOND YEAR
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H2010
PAPER VI - PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
|
UNIT I |
Introduction: Importance of Human
Factor - Definitions of personnel
Management Functions of personnel
Management Managerial and
Operative Functions Objectives of
personnel Management Qualities
of a Good personnel Manager
Evolution and Growth of personnel
Management in India. |
|
UNIT II |
Planning the personnel Function:
personnel philosophy personnel
Objectives Functions Duties
Responsibilities Personnel
policies
Need, Types and Coverage
Guidelines for Formulating personnel
policies Advantages of Written
policy The Indian Perspective. |
|
UNIT III |
Organising the personnel Function:
Forms of Departmentalisation
Coordination and Span of Management
Line and Staff Function Line
and Staff Conflict Position of
personnel Department principles of
Good Organisation Informal
Organisation. |
|
UNIT IV |
Leadership: Need for Leadership
Functions of a Leader Approaches
to
Studying Leadership Traits
Approach Behavioural Approach
Ohio
State University Study University
of Michigan Leadership Styles
Contingency Approach Leadership
Models Effective Leadership
Leadership Styles in India
Organisations. |
|
UNIT V |
Motivation and Job Satisfaction:
Definition Approaches to the
Motivation Studies Motivation
Theories Maslow, Herzberg,
McClelland, Vroom, Equity Theory, Reinforcement Theories, Behaviour
Theory Research on Motivation in
India Job Satisfaction
Determinants of Morale Job
Satisfaction and productivity
Morale and productivity Building
Company Morale. |
|
UNIT VI |
Employee Communication and Control:
Meaning purpose of
Communication Directions of
Communication Flow Basic
Characteristics of Communication
Network Checks on Inplant
Communication Communication in
Indian Industries Informal
Communication Feature of Grapevine
Steps in Control process
Requirements of Effective Control
System Kinds of Control process
Levels of Audit. |
|
UNIT VII |
Procurement of Personnel and
performance Appraisal: Determination
of
Kind of Quality Personnel
Objectives of Manpower Planning
Recruitment and Selection Procedure in Selection and
Recruitment
Interview Kinds of Interview
Tests Psychological Tests
Placement
and Induction Recruitment and
Selection practices in India.
Performance Appraisal Purpose
Factors Criteria Methods
Performance Appraisal of Managers
Limitations of Appraisal Methods
Essentials of a Good Appraisal
Systems performance Appraisal
System
in India. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Training and Job Change: Training,
Education, Development principles
of Learning Selection of Trainees
Training Methods of Operatives
Management Development Methods
Evaluation of Training and
Development Training practices of
India Organisation Development
Organisation Development in India.
Job Change Job Change plans
promotion Career Planning
Demotion, Transfers Separation |
References :-
1. Calhoon Richard P.:Managing
Personnel, Harper & Row 1987.
2. Davar Rustom: The Human Side of
Management, Progressive Corporation 1984.
3. Flippo, E.B.: Principles of personnel
Management, McGraw Hill 1994.
4. Ghosh, P.: personnel Administration in
India 1990.
5. Jucius Micheal, J.: personnel Management,
Richard Irwin 1995.
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H2020
PAPER VII - ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
|
UNIT I |
Organisational Behaviour
Definition Historical Perspectives
Human
Relations Organisational Behaviour
System Models Social Systems
Industrial Behaviour Learning and
Motivation Behaviour in Groups
Leadership. |
|
UNIT II |
Organisational Environment
Environment Forces Organisational
Structure and Design Technology
and Automation Technology and
Information Organisational Life
Cycles Design Deficiencies
Organisational Conflict, Decline. |
|
UNIT III |
Organisational Change Dynamics of
Change Model for Change in
Organisations Work Change
Response and Resistance to Changes
Costs and Benefits Implementing
Change Unfreezing Movement
Refreezing. |
|
UNIT IV |
Organisational Development Meaning
of Organisational Development
Objectives of Organisatioanl
Development Characteristics of
Organisational Development Systems
Orientation Change Agents
problem Solving Feed Back
Contingency Orientation
Experimental
Learning Humanistic Values Team
Building. |
|
UNIT V |
Organisational Development
Approaches Theoretical Development
of
Organisational Development
Behavioural Health Problem Focus
and
Process Focus Organisational
Development Interventions
Communication Adaptation
Innovations Succession. |
|
UNIT VI |
Organisational Development Process
Phases in OD Initial Diagnosis
Data Collection, Feed Back and
Confrontation Action Planning and
Problem Solving Team Building
Inter group Development Evaluation
and Follow-up. |
|
UNIT VII |
Training Methods and Techniques
Laboratory Training Role Playing
Behaviour Modeling Gaming
Encounter Groups Survey Guided
Development Quality Work Life (QWL)
Programs Grid Training
Emerging Organisational Development
Approaches and Techniques. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Organisational Effectiveness and OD
Impact of Change in the Total
System Benefits and Limitations of
OD Problems with
Organisational Development OD in
Perspective Change in Corporate
World and the Future of
Organizational Behaviour. |
Reference Books
1. Thomas H. Davenport Process
Innovatio9n: Reengineering Work Through
Information Technology (Boston: Harvard
Business School Press, 1992).
2. W. Warner Burke Organisation
Development (Reading, MA: Addison
Wesley, 1987).
3. Wendell L. French and Cecil H. Bell Jr. _
Organisation Development
Fourth Edition (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990).
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H2030
PAPER VIII - METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
|
UNIT I |
Organisational Change Changing
Environment Dynamics of Change
Work Change Forces for Change
Resistance to Change Model for
Change in Organisations. |
|
UNIT II |
General
Framework for Understanding Change
Diagnosis
Identification of Problems
Implementation First Order and
Second
Order Change Change Cycles
Change Process. |
|
UNIT III |
Organisational Development
Characteristics of Organisational
Development Organisational
Effectiveness and Organisational
Development Organisational
Development Process Phases in
Organisational Development
Interventions. |
|
UNIT IV |
Training Methods in Organisational
Development Conventional
Training Methods Coaching,
Lecture, Discussion, Case Methods
Laboratory Training Role Playing
Behaviour Modelling Versus
Traditional Training Gaming
Encounter Groups. |
|
UNIT V |
Organisational Development Programs
and Techniques (I) Grid Training
- Managerial Grid Blake Mouton
Grid New Managerial Grid. |
|
UNIT VI |
Organisational Programs and
Techniques (I) Rensis Likerts
Managerial
Systems Systems 1 to 4 Continuum
Fieldlers Leadership Contingency
Model - Vroom Yetten Contingency
Model Hersey-Blanchard Tri-
Dimensional Leader Effectiveness
Model Reddings 3D Management. |
|
UNIT VII |
Organisational Programs and
Techniques (III) Conference Board
Management Training Score
Stanford Power Matrix Survey
Guided
Development or Survey Feedback
Team Building Quality of Work
Life (QWL) Programs. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Emerging Organisational Development
Approaches and Techniques
Simplistic Approach of Kirk
Patrick Senges Learning
Organisation
Scheins Dialogue Approach
Japanese Management Tom Peters. |
Reference Books
1. Peter
Senker Towards the Automatic Factory: The
Need for Training (New York: Springer
Verlag, 1986).
2. Joh P. Wanous Organisational Entry:
Recruitment, Selection and
Socialisation of Newcomers (Reading, MA:
Addison Wesley, 1980).
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H2040
PAPER IX - DYNAMICS OF MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE
|
UNIT I |
Introduction: Meaning of Managing
Change Importance of Managing Change, Devising a Strategy,
Identifying the Need for Change
Catalysts and Barriers. |
|
UNIT II |
Analysis of the Situation Being
Responsive to Change, Locating A
vision
and Mission Statement Analysing
the Common Values, Characteristic,
Behaviours and Things. |
|
UNIT III |
Defining Future Aims The Impact of
Change, Introducing Change,
Driving the Change Process. |
|
UNIT IV |
Planning & Implementing Change
Taking the Best From the Past,
Becoming Receptive to Change. |
|
UNIT V |
Managing Change Skills, Attributes
and Knowledge, Auditing Your
Needs. |
|
UNIT VI |
Communication the Change
Importance of Communication
Communication During Change,
Developing Feedback Skills, A-4
Level
Model. |
|
UNIT VII |
Personal Change Leading Change
Empowering people to Handle
Change, Linking Control with
Responsibility. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Organisational Change Auditing
Organisational Competences,
Identifying Information Needs New
Perspectives Alvin Tlfflers
Trilogy Future Shock, Third Wave,
Power Shift John Naisbitts
Megatrends perer M. Senges Fifth
Discipline Peters and Waterman
In Search of Excellence Rosabeth
Moss Kanter The Challenge of
Organisational Change When
Giants Learn to Dance. |
Reference Books
1. D.L. Kerkpatrick
(Ed.) How to Manage Change Effectively
(San Francisco: Jossey Bass, 1885).
2. Karl O. Magnusen
(Ed.) Organisational Design, Development
andBehaviour: A Situational View, C.
Glenview. IL: Scott Foresman, 1977).
3. Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy
Corporate Cultures: The Rites and
Rituals of Corporate Life (Reading MA:
Addison Wesley, 1982).
4. Tom Peters Thriving and Chaos (New
York: Mnopk, 1991).
5. Alvin Toffler Powershift: Knowledge
Wealth and Violence at the Edge of the 21st
Century (New York: Bantam Books, 1990).
6. John Naisbitt and Patricia Aburdene
Megatrends 2000: Ten New Directions for the
1990s (New york: William Morrow, 1990).
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M.A. (Human Resource)
COURSE CODE: 28
SUBJECT CODE : H2050
PAPER X - MIS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
|
UNIT I |
Introduction to MIS Types of
Information Classes of Information
Systems Structure of a MIS
Business Processes and Information
Systems Characteristics of
successfully managing with
Information. |
|
UNIT II |
Survey
of Information Systems Technology
Hardware, Software and
Communications Technology with
Information Systems Storage and
Retrieval of Data Transaction
Processing, Office Automation and
Information Processing Control
Functions. |
|
UNIT III |
Information in Decision Making
Phases in the Decision Making
Process
- Behavioural Models of the Decision
Maker and Organisational decision
Making documenting and
Communicating Decision Rules
Relevance
of Decision Making Concepts for Information Systems design Value
of
Information In Decision Making and
;other than in a Decision. |
|
UNIT IV |
Humans
as Information Processors Model of
Human as Information
Processor Human Information
Processing Systems Limits
Concepts
of Human Cognition and Learning
Characteristics of Human
Information Processing Performance
Managers as Information
Processors. |
|
UNIT V |
Planning and Control Concepts of
Organisational Planning Planning
Process Characteristics of Control
Processes Nature of Control in
Organisations Behaviour of Control
Personnel Information Systems
Support for Control. |
|
UNIT VI |
Organisational Structure and
Management Basic Model of
Organisational Structure
Modifications Information
Processing
Model of Organisation Structure Organisational Culture and Power
Organisational Change Management
theories Human Motivation
Leadership Style Job Design
Organisations as socio Technical
Systems
- Implications of Organisational
Structure and Management Theory for
MIS. |
|
UNIT VII |
Support
Systems Decision Support Systems
Control Support Systems
- Support Systems for Management of
Knowledge Work Technology,
- Software Support Organisational
Considerations when users are
Developers Impact of Technology. |
|
UNIT VIII |
Organisation and Management of
Information and Future Developments
- Change from Information Systems to
Information Resources
Management of Information Systems
Personnel End User Computing
Impact of Information Technology on
Organisations and Society Fifth
Generation Computer. |
Reference Books
1.
Shoshana Zuboff: In the Age of the Smart
Machine (New york: Basic Books, 1988).
2.
Michael Hammer and James Champy:
Reengineering the Corporation (New york:
Harper Collins, 1993).
3.
Julice O Maria Managing Workplace 2000
(San Francisco: Jossey Boss, 1991).
4. W.B. Johnston Work Force 2000: Work and Workers for the 21st Century,
(Indianapolis Hudson Institute, 1987).
5. Vendatesha Murthy Management
Information System (Himalaya
Publishing House 1999).
6. Kakar and Vaswani Introduction to
Computer System and Application
(Himalaya Publishing House, 1995).
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