Pondicherry University

DIRECTORATE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

POST GRADUATE SYLLABUS

MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY
M.A. (History)

Course Structure

Paper code	Paper No.	Name of the Subject
FIRST YEAR
H1010	I	Socio-Cultural History of India (From the beginning to the present)
H1020	II	French Power in India (1664-1954)
H1030	III	Indian Cultural Contacts with South East Asis (From the earliest times to 1500)
H1040	IV	The Rise of the Modern West (1600-1914)
H1050	V	History of the United States (1848-1962) (Asian Perspectives)
SECOND YEAR
H2010	VI	Indian National Movement (1885-1947)
H2020	VII	Making of Modern China and Japan (1839-1962)
H2030	VIII	Making of Modern South East Asia (1800-1955)
H2040	IX	Economic History of India (From the ancient times to 1947)
H2050	X	International Relations (1914-1970)

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MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY
M.A. (History)

FIRST YEAR

COURSE CODE: 23 SUBJECT CODE : H1010

Paper I – SOCIO-CULTURAL HISTORY OF INDIA

UNIT I
Ancient India – Foundations of Indian Culture and Civilisation-Indus Valley and Vedic Civilisations – Religious Movements – Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

UNIT II
Socio-Cultural life under the Mauryas and Satavahanas – the Golden Age of India under the Guptas-Socio-Cultural life under the Cholas and Pallavas.

UNIT III
Social Structure of Ancient India – Assimilation of Foreigners in Ancient Indian Society – Trade and Commerce and its Routes in Ancient India

UNIT IV
Medieval India – Socio – Cultural History of India under the Sultanage and Mughals – Social Life in the age of Sultanate of Delhi Bhaki Movements – Islam in Medieval India – Sufism – Hindu – Muslim Syncretism – Social Life under the Mughals – Golden Age of Mughals.

UNIT V
Evolution of Indo-Islamic Culture – Five Deccan Sultanates - Society Under Vijayanagar Empire – Religious Movement of the 15^th and 16^th Centuries – The Downfall of the Mughal Empire – Beginning of European Commerce.

UNIT VI
Modern India – The East India Company and the Bengal Nawabs Growth of British Empire in India (1765-1857) – Economics Impact of British Rule in India – Socio – Cultural Changes during the rule of British Governor – Generals.

UNIT VII
Social and Cultural Awakening in Modern India – Brahmo and Arya Movements – Aligarh Movement – Yound Bengal – Spread of Western Education – Growth of Political Consciousness – New Literature – Progress in Science

UNIT VIII
Cultural Nationalism – Early Associations – Indian Natinal Congress – The Nationalist Movements – Moderates and Extremists – Swadeshi Movements – Gandhian Era – Dravidian Movement – Culture and Consciousness in Modern India.

Reference Books

1. DD Kosambi Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline
2. Romila Thapar Cultural Transactions in Early India, Tradition and Patronage
3. H.K.Sherwani Cultural Trends in Medieval India
4. A.L.Basham Cultural History of India
5. B.N.Luniya Evolution of Indian Culture

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H1020
Paper II – FRENCH POWER IN INDIA (1664-1954)

UNIT I
Sources for the study – Establishment of the Companies des,Indes Oriantales and the French acquisition of trade and its policies – Indian Merchant class and the French

UNIT II
French Settlement in India – French Companies in India – Pondicherry, Chandranagore, Mahe, Yanam and Karaikal – Pondicherry as a Head-Quarter - The acquisition of other settlements.

UNIT III
French in South India – Anglo – French rivalry in Southern India – Anglo – French conflict in the Deccan – Thomas Arthur Count de Lally – Three CarnaticWars – Causes of French Failure in the Deccan.

UNIT IV
French Pondicherry – The beginning of Frech settlement in Pondicherry – Francois Martin – Joseph Francois – Dupleix – Ananda Ranga Pillai and his Diary – Lenoir and Dumas – Hyder Ali, Suffren and Bussy – Revolutionary Period – Hundred years war – Divan Candappa Mudaliar and Kanagaraya Mudaliar.

UNIT V
The Administration of Society of Pondicherry during the French regime – Administrative and Economic reforms – Education and Society of Pondicherry – Art and Literature.

UNIT VI
Cultural History of Pondicherry – Cultural life as reflected in the Ananda Ranga Pillai’s Diary – Frenchy impact on the cultural life on Pondicherry – Religion and Cast Structure – Valangai and Idangai factions – French words in daily life – French influence on Education – French Architectural buildings – Frenco-Tamil Style of architectural building.

UNIT VII
Freedom struggle in French India – Reflections of French Revolution – French India National Congress – National Awakening – Gandhiji’s visit to Pondicherry – Bharathiya and Sri Aurobindo in Pondicherry – Subbaiyah’s role to the freedom of Pondicherry – Labour Movements in Pondicherry – Poet Harathidasan – Ansari Duraisamy Nayakkar – Venkata Subba Reddy – Chellan Nayakkar.

UNIT VIII
Dejure Pondicherry – Transfer of Power in French India – Freedom of French India – Pondicherry in Independent India – Causes for the French failure in India.

Reference Books

1. G.B.Malleson History of French in India.
2. S.P.Sen The French in India, 1763-1816.
3. A.Ramasamy    History of Pondicherry.
4. Saroja Sundarrajan       Pondicherry : A Profile.

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H1030
Paper III – INDIAN CULTURAL CONTACTS WITH SOUTH EAST ASIA
(From the earliest times to 1500 AD)

UNIT I
Source Materials for the study – India and Southeast Asia – the land and its people – an ethnological survey of the mainland and Maritime Southeast Asia.

UNIT II
Southeast Asia on the eve of Indian migration – The Cultural Heritage of Southeast Asia before the arrival of Indians – the first Indianised Settlements around 250 B.C. – Langkasuka and Funan – Foundation of Lin Yi(Champa) – Indianised States if Malaya – Tun Sun.Pan Pan, Tan Tan, Chili – tu.

UNIT III
The growth of Indianised States – Indian Settlement areas of Pvus of the Irrawady delta and the Mons of the Menam basin – Pre-Angkorean Cambodia (650 – 850) – the Makong valley – The Malay States on the 7^th Cent. A.D. – Ho-ling and Malaya.

UNIT IV
The Kingdoms of Dvaravati in Southern Thailand and Srikshetra in Burma (8^th Cent) – Sailendras of Java and the extent of their conquests (778-824)- Srivijaya: its history and culture – Cholas’ contacts with Srivijaya.

UNIT V
Burma under Pyu, Pagan and Thaton kingdoms – Combodia under survavaraman I (1002-1050) – campa kingdom – Airlangga kingdom – the kingdoms of Janggala, Kadiri and Singasiri in Indonesia.

UNIT VI
The Mongols in Southeast Asia – The Mongol invasion in Cambodia (1282). Campa(1283-85), Burma (1287) Java (1293) and their repercussions – Disintegration of the Pagan Empire (Burma) – the foundation and growth of Sukothai Kingdom (1220 –1292) in Thailand – Ayuthia kingdom Majapahit Empire of Java.

UNIT VII
Introduction of Islam in Maritime Southeast Asia from Coromandel coast, Malabar, Cambay, Gujarat and Bengal – the loss of meaningful Indo – Southeast Asian Cultural interactions – the decline of Indianised kingdoms – the snapping offbrisk cultural link.

UNIT VIII
A study of Indo-Southeast Asian Cultural Contacts in retrospect: the nature and extent of India’s contribution to Southeast
Asian history and culture in the domain of
a) the art of writing
b) language and literature with special refrence to sacred and epic literature
c) art and architecture ; important monuments of Southeast Asia which exceeds the Indian splendours – the reasons and
extent of the waning of Indian influence in the spheres referred above – transition to the late medieval and modern age.

Reference Books

1. H.B.Sarkar Cultural Relations between India and Southeast Asia.
2. D.G.E.Hall History of Southeast Asia.
3. D.R.Sardesai Southeast Asia : Past and Present.
3. George Coedes The Indianised States of Southeast Asia
3. A.Ramachnadran Cultrural History of Lower Krsna Valley and its contacts with Southeast Asia.

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H1040
Paper IV – RISE OF THE MODERN WEST (1600 – 1914)

UNIT I
Background – The Renaissance and Reformation – Expanding civilization of the west – Rise of the new monarchies – The Age of European Discovery –Enlightenment.

UNIT II
The Emerging West – Era of the Thirty years war – Europe in crisis in the mod 1600 – Rebuilding France – the foundations of Bourbon Rule – Dutch Republic and the House of Orange – A Reformation Culture in the Netherlands – the revolting American Colonies – Three Revolutions – French Revolution in 1789 – the Industrial Revolution in Britain (1760-1830) taken up by France – Belgium and Prussia – Intellectual Revolution.

UNIT III
The triumph of Progress (1760-1840) Rise and Fall of Napoleon – The Dutch and English in Asia – the Anglo – French Struggle for Empire- the triumph of English – the European State system (1780 – 1830) monarchs and despots:Tensions within the State-Many States either more or less than nations – the major powers and lesser powers – Political thought in the 18th century – the European Aristocracy.

UNIT IV
Western Dominance – the Industrial foundations of the Modern West – the demand for the raw materials and the market for the finished products – looking towards Asian Continent.

UNIT V
The Era of European Conquest and Colonisation – Europeanization of the American and Russia – Partition of Africa – Dominance in Asia – The Western Penetration and Colonial rule in Asia – New Imperialism.

UNIT VI
Vienna Settlement(1815) – Metternich – The French Revolutions of snf 1848 – the Eastern Question – Nationality in the Balkans – the Crimean War(1856).

UNIT VII
Unification of Italy – Mazzini Cavour, Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel – German States and the rise of Prussia – Unification of Germany – Bismark Nepoleon III – Russian Revolution of 1905.

UNIT VIII
The Impact of the West in Asia – Asian Nationalism and the Challenge to European domination – the Modernisation – the Development of Political Institutions – the Western decline – World War I and the Global Repercussions – the end of Colonisation.

Reference Books

1.KETELBY A History of Modern Times
2.HAL Fisher History of Europe
3.KM Panikkar Asia and Western Dominance
4.AJ Grant and Temperly Europe in the Nineteenth & Twentieth Centuries
5.Philis W.Alison Modern Europe

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H1050
Paper V – HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES
(Asian Perspectives ) (1848 – 1962)

UNIT I
American Isolation polity – Domestic Growth – Gold Rush of California (1848) – The Mexican Mar – America in the North Pacific Islands – Growth of Pacific Trade – The End of Isolation and the American entry into Asia.

UNIT II
American attempt to open Asia – Spanish – American War of 1898 – open Door Doctrine in China (1899) – Progressive Movement – American Imperialism – America in World Affairs.

UNIT III
American expansionism in Asia – Its politics and policies in Asia – Imperial America : Forerunners of expansion- Big Stick Diplomacy Ideas of neutrality.

UNIT IV
South Asia and the United States – U.S.involvement in the Indian sub-continent – U.S.Policy in India and Pakistan – U.S. in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

UNIT V
U.S.involvement in Southeast Asia – U.S.Policy in China – U.S. and Japan – each phases of their relations – Korean Affairs.

UNIT VI
U.S.involvement in Southeast Asia – A Sort of Colonial Experience in Philippines – Philippines and United States (1898-1946) – U.S.Policies in the rest of Southeast Asia – the rivalry of Japan and the United States over Southeast Asia – U.S. and SEATO.

UNIT VII
West Asia and the Unitee States – America and Arab States – an uneasy encounter – U.S.Policy in Iran and Iraq – U.S. in West Asia Peace Oil Diplomacy – U.S. and OPEC.

UNIT VIII
America’s outwit of Britian in Asia.- American rivalry with the erstwhile Sovient Russian in the Asian front – Bi-polar world – United states in the two World Wars in the Asian front – Vietnamese War – U.S. as an Asian Power.

Reference Books

1. Gary R.Hess The United States Emergence as a Southeast Asia Power
2. Dennett Tyler American in Eastern Asia : A Critical study of United States’
    Policy in the Far East in the Far East in the 19th Cnetury
3. Rostow,W.W American Policy in Asia
4. Talbot.Phillips India and America: A Study of their relations
5. Battistini.Lawrence The United States and Asia.

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MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY
M.A. (History)

SECOND YEAR

COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                              SUBJECT CODE : H2010

PAPER VI - INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT (1885 – 1947)

UNIT I
Nature and Cause of the Freedom Movement – The Impact of British rule: the early phase – Genesis of the Indian National Congress – Surat Split – Moderates and Extremists – the era of militant nationalism – Mass agitation in Bengal and Maharashtra – Revolutionary movements in other parts – Economic Background of Indian Nationalism

UNIT II
Constitutional Reforms and the demand for Self – Government – Swadeshi Movement against the partition of Bengal – the anti-partition movement – Muslim League and the Hindu-Muslim Question – the second phase of the Indian National Congress (1907 –15) the rise and growth of Communalism.

UNIT III
Home Rule Movement – India and the First World War – International Events and their impact on India’s National Movement – Early Nationalistic Response.

UNIT IV
The Advent of Gandhiji (1915) – The Beginning of the Gandhian era (1915-20) – Non-Violent Non-Cooperation movement (1921-22) the Swarajists (1922) – Dandi March and the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement (1928) – Simon Commission and Round Table Conferences – Second Phase of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1932 –33).

UNIT V
Dravidian Movement – Justice Party – Tamil Revivalism – Non – Brahman Movement – Anna, E.V.R (Periyar) and others the role of Tamil Nadu on the Indian National Movement.

UNIT VI
India and the Second World War – Quit India Movement (August,1942) Subash Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army – August Offer Communal Award – The Revolt of 1942.

UNIT VII
Labour and Left Wing Movements – Tribal and Peasant Movements – the Munda Rebellions (1888-99) – THE Mapilla (Mopilah) Rebellions (1918 – 1919)

UNIT VIII
India towards Freedom – The Simla Conference – Transfer of Power and Partition of India – Creation of Free India and Pakistan as dominions – Indian Independent Act, July 1947 – the end of Freedom Struggle – Free India and Pakistan – Kashmir Question.

Reference Books

1.A.R.DESAI Social Background of Indian Nationalism
2.TARA CHAND History of Freedom Movement in India Vol.2
3.BIPAN CHANDRA The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism India
4.R.C.MAJUMDAR History of Freedom Movement Vols 1 & 2
5.S.GOPAL Jawaharlal Nehru

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H2020
Paper VII – MAKING OF MODERN CHINA AND JAPAN (1839-1962)

UNIT I
The Opening of China – Canton Trade and Clash with the West – Two Opium Wars (1839 – 42 & 1856 – 60) – The Peasant war of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-65) France – Chinese war of 1882 – 84 – Sino – Japanese War (1851-65) France – Chinese war of 1882 – 84 – Sino – Japanese War (1894-95) – Modernisation of China – Scramble for Concessions – Spheres of influence – ‘Cutting the Chinese Melon’.

UNIT II
The Reform Movement of 1898 and the Yihetuan (Boxer) Movement – The Revolution of 1911 – the rule of the Northern Warlords – The May 4^th Movement – the founding of the Communist Party of China – Chiang Kai Shek- Dr.Sun Yat Sen and the three principles of Nationalism, Democracy and People’s Livelihood – the First Revolutionary War – the Growth of Communist Movemnts.

UNIT III
Contact with Russia – Marxist – Leninist theory of Second Revolutionary Civil war – Mao Tse – Tung and the Long March- Sian incident (1936) – the war of Resistance against Japan (1937-42)

UNIT IV
Thirst Revolutionary war – Truimph of communism – China’s Proletariat Revolution – The Birth of New China – Peoples Republic of China (1940) – Sino-Indian War of 1962 – New Cultural Revolution.

UNIT V
The opening of Japan – Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) – Japanese Society Under the Tokugawa Shogunate – the advent of the West – Decline of Tokugawa Shogunate and the end of feudal system.

UNIT VI
Meiji Restoration (1868) – Modernisation of Japan – Genro, the Elder States – man – Constitutional Development – Formation of Political Parties – Zaibatsu and the Industrialisation – Anglo – Japanese alliance (1902).

UNIT VII
Japan and her neighbours – Japanese foreign policy – Russo – Japanese War (1904-05) – growth. Of Militarim in Japan – Korean issue – Japanese entry into the First World War (1914-18) – Washington Conference (1921-22) – Japanese hegemony in the Far East and 21 demands – Manchuriar Crisis – Mukden incident.

UNIT VIII
Japan in the Second World War – Rome – Berlin – Tokyo Axis (1940) – New Order in Asia – Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere – the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 – 45 – Surrendered and Reconstructed Japan.

             References :

            1.Clyde and Beers : The Far East
            2.Harold M.Vinacke : A history of the Far East in Modern Times
            3.I.C.Y Hsu : The Rise of Modern China
            4.K.S.Latourette : A History of Japan
            5.Richard Storry : A History of Modern Japan

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H2030
Paper VIII – MAKING OF MODERN SOUTHEAST ASIA (1800-1955)

UNIT I
The region in 1800 – Southeast Asia before the arrival of the Europeans – the
Entry of the West – The South-east Asian and European Background – the
Beginning of European Commerce.

UNIT II
Dutch East Indies – Anglo – Dutch rivalry of 1824 – Dutch Culture System – Dutch Sumatra – Dutch Borneo – Dutch Colonial Policy – Ethical Policy – Dutch Administration – Modernisation & Educational Policy of the Dutch to East Indies.

UNIT III
British relations with Malay states and Siam – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles and foundation of Singapore – the pattern of British Policies – British Residential System – British Borneo – the White Rajas of Sarawak – British conquest of Burma.

UNIT IV
French Indo-China – French Conquest of Vietnam, Lacs and Cambodia – Protectorate System – Union of Indochina – French Colonial Expansion and the Centralised adminisatration.

UNIT V
Independent Thailand – Thailand under king Chulalong – korn and Hongkut – Siamese Question – Siam’s gradual transformation and the Revolution of 1932.

UNIT VI
Spanish in Philippines – Spanish – American War of 1898 and the purchase of Philippines – Americans in Philippines (1898 – 1946) – A sort of Colonial Experience for 50 years.

UNIT VII
The Colonial Regime in its zenith – Tin and Rubber in Malaya – Progress in Transport, Public works, Hygiene and Education – A ‘plural society’ arises in Southeast Asia.

UNIT VIII
Nationalism in Southeast Asia – Independence Movements in Southeast Asia – Sarekat Islam and Nationalism in Java – Burmese Nationalism and the British – Vietnamest Nationalism and the French – Filipino Nationalisam and the US – The Japanese in Southeast Asia – SEATO – Afro – Asian Conference at Bandung.

Reference Books

1. .D.G.E Hall HISTORY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
2. Victor Purcell SOUTHAND EAST ASIA SINCE 1800.
3. D.J.M. Tate THE MAKING OF MODERN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
4.Richard Allen A SHORT INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY AND
    POLITICS OF SOUTHEAST ASIA
5.John F.Cady SOUTHEAST ASIA : ITS HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H2040
PAPER –IX - ECONOMIC HISTORY OF INDIA
(From the beginning to 1964)

UNIT I
Introduction – Understanding an Economy – An overview of the Indian Economy – Infrastructure of the Indian Economy – Towards Economic Development Industry & Foreign Trade – State as an agency for economic development

UNIT II
Ancient Indian Economy – The economic conditions of the Vedic and Sangam ages – Revenue and Expenditure of the Mauryan administration – Trade and Commerce from Mauryan to Kushana Period – Organisation of craftsmen – Guild – Interest,Profit and Wages – Foreign Trade in ancient India.

UNIT III
Trade and Commerce in the Gupta period – Commodity, structure of trade – Inland and Foreign Trade – Currency and Money-lending – Important Ports and Commercial Towns in Early India – Agrarian Economy in the post – Gupta period – Feudal Economy – Revenue system.

UNIT IV
Medieval Indian Economy – The Economic conditions of the Chola age – Revenue system of Delhi Sultanate – Mughal Economy – Jagirdari system – The Zamindars – Agrarian relations – Beginning of European Commerce.

UNIT V
The Nature and Organisation of European Trade. The East India Companies – Economic impact of British rule in India – Indian Economy during the first half of the 18^th Century – Transformation of Indian Economy into Colonial Economy – British Economic policies in India (1757 – 1857)

UNIT VI
Disruption of traditional economy – Rule of artisans and craftsmen – British Land Revenue Policy – Impoverishment of the peasantry – ruin of old Zamindars and rise of new landlordism – Indigo Riots (1864-68) Stagnation and Deterioration of agriculture – Devlopment of Modern Industries – Poverty and Famines – Deccan Riots (1874-75) Pabna Agrarian League(1873)

UNIT VII
Decline of Village industries and Town handicrafts – De-industrialisation – No Revenue Movements (1893-1900) – Growth of foreign capital and the rise of British economy – Growting unemployment – Change in the Trade structure – Drain of Wealth.

UNIT VIII
An Economic critique of Colonisalism – The beginning of working class and Peasant Movements – Growth of Trade Union Movement (1934-47) – Indian Capitalists and the National Movements – Economic Development in Indepent India (1947-64) – A Restrospective and Conclusions.

Reference Books

1. R.C.Dutt : Economic History of India in the Victorian Age
2. Economic History of India under Early British Rule
3. Bipan Chandra: The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India
4. Irfan Habib : The Agrarian System of Mughal India (1556-1707)
5. Dipak Ranjan Das: Economic History of Deccan

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M.A. (History)
COURSE CODE: 23                                                                                         SUBJECT CODE : H2050
Paper X – INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (1914-1970)

UNIT I
Concept and Nature of International Relations – International Diplomacy – National Power and the Instruments for the promotion of National Interest.

UNIT II
First World War – Cause of the War and the Secret Treaties – The Peace Settlement of Versailles – Treaties of Trianon and Lausanne – Wilsonian Peace Economic Consequences of the peace.

UNIT III
Russian Revolution of 1917 – Interwar years – Quest for Security through trea ties Repall, Little Entente and Locarno (1919-25) – The Mandate System – League of Nations ((1930) – its origin, functions and failures.

UNIT IV
Problem of Reparation and War Debts – Collective Security in the Interwar Period – Facist Italy – Nazi Germany – Munich Conference (1938) – Quest for Security through disarmament (1925-33) – Breakdown of the League of Nations (1933-39)

UNIT V
French search for security – Balance of Power – Foreign policies of Britian, United States, erstwhile USSA, Japan in the interwar period – Second World War – Peace Settlements – Yalta Settlement and Washington Conference.

UNIT VI
United Nations Organisation(UNO) – its structure and functions – UNESCO – Collective Security under UNO- Regionalism:CENTO, NATO,SEATO,SAARC-Cold War Period – Military Alliances – Disarmament – Europe in the Post World War II.

UNIT VII
Resurgence in Asia – The Awakening of Africa – Apartheid Policy – Foreign Policies of USA, erstwhile USSA, India, Pakistan and Srilanka after 1945 – New trends in International Relations.

UNIT VIII
Non-Alignment movements – Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace – Comman wealth of Nations – Technological Revolution and its impact – the Policy of Appeasement – World Update.

Reference Books

1.Palmer and Perkins International Relations
2.E.H.Carr International Relations between the Two World Wars
3.Gathome Hardy A Short History of International Affairs (1920-38)
4.Burton J.W International Relations
5.Schuman International Relations

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